Why this matters.
Directive 2011/83/EU (Consumer Rights Directive, CRD), as amended by the Omnibus Directive (2019/2161/EU) which took effect from May 2022, sets minimum standards for consumer contracts across all EU member states — with particular significance for online and distance selling. Requirements include providing extensive pre-contract information before a purchase is completed, a 14-day right of withdrawal (cooling-off period) without giving any reason, rules on delivery and risk of loss, and strict rules on price reduction claims and online marketplace transparency.
The Omnibus Directive significantly strengthened enforcement: national authorities can now impose fines of up to 4% of a trader’s annual turnover in the EU (or at least €2 million) for widespread infringements. It also added obligations specific to digital marketplaces: informing consumers whether the seller is a business or a private individual, whether search result rankings are influenced by payments, and whether prices are personalised based on automated profiling. Non-EU businesses selling to EU consumers must comply if they target EU customers.