Why this matters.
The EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation, Regulation (EU) 2025/40 (PPWR), replaced Directive 94/62/EC with a single set of rules that apply directly in every member state. It has applied since 12 August 2026. It covers almost every business that makes, fills, imports or sells packaged goods in the EU, including online sellers shipping into the EU from elsewhere. Obligations that already apply include limits on substances of concern (Article 5), including the ban on intentionally added PFAS in food-contact packaging above set thresholds and the long-standing 100 mg/kg cap on lead, cadmium, mercury and hexavalent chromium. Manufacturers must also prepare technical documentation and an EU declaration of conformity for their packaging, and producers must register for extended producer responsibility in each member state where they first make packaging available.
More obligations follow on a fixed timetable: harmonised sorting labels, minimum recycled content for plastic packaging, design-for-recycling grades, limits on empty space in grouped, transport and e-commerce packaging, bans on certain single-use formats, and reuse targets for transport and sales packaging, mostly from 2028 to 2030. Member states set the penalties and can order non-compliant packaging off the market. Packaging redesign and supplier changes take years, so businesses that map their packaging now avoid costly last-minute changes and stock write-offs.