Why this matters.
Every employer in the EU, whatever its size or sector, has a legal duty to ensure the safety and health of workers in every aspect related to work. This comes from the OSH Framework Directive 89/391/EEC, which every member state has written into national law (for example the Arbeitsschutzgesetz in Germany, the Code du travail in France and Ley 31/1995 in Spain). The Directive requires you to follow the general principles of prevention in Article 6, carry out and document a risk assessment (Articles 6(3)(a) and 9), designate competent workers or external services for protective and preventive measures (Article 7), and arrange first aid, fire-fighting and evacuation (Article 8). Workers must be informed, consulted and trained (Articles 10 to 12).
Individual directives under the framework add specific rules for workplaces (89/654/EEC), work equipment (2009/104/EC), personal protective equipment (89/656/EEC), display screen work (90/270/EEC), manual handling (90/269/EEC), pregnant workers (92/85/EEC) and young workers (94/33/EC). National labour inspectorates enforce these rules with fines, stop-work orders and, after serious accidents, criminal prosecution. Eurostat records over 3,000 fatal and close to 3 million non-fatal workplace accidents a year in the EU, and a missing or out-of-date risk assessment is one of the most common findings in inspections.